The tradition of commentary on Nahj al-Balagha has consistently mirrored the evolution of Shi'i thought in response to historical transformations. This research analyzes the critical period from the post-Safavid era to the threshold of the Constitutional Revolution, an era of relative stagnation when scholarly attention to Nahj al-Balagha declined and its application was largely reduced to a political manual of advice for rulers.

The article’s central focus is the pivotal role of the School of Samarra, under Mirza Mohammed Hassan Shirazi (d. 1312 AH), as the turning point that ended this stagnation and initiated a renaissance in the field. Using a historical-analytical method, the study first explains the unique pedagogical and methodological characteristics of the School of Samarra that fostered this transformation. It then traces this "renaissance discourse" across three domains within the works of its prominent disciples: textual revival (through commentary and teaching), theoretical application (in political jurisprudence), and practical activism (in social leadership).

The findings demonstrate that by redefining Nahj al-Balagha's application, the School of Samarra elevated it from a "manual of advice for rulers" to a "charter of action for nations." In doing so, it not only directly influenced the discourse of the Constitutional Revolution but also left a lasting legacy on Shi'i political jurisprudence and contemporary Islamic movements.