Validation and medical analysis of the hadith "The root of body ruin is the abandonment of dinner"

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Islamic Science University of Razavi, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: delbari@razavi.ac.ir

2 Associate Professor, Department of Iranian Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: yousefim@mums.ac.ir

3 Doctoral Student in Quran and Hadith Sciences, Islamic Science University of Razavi, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: S.m.mosavi9794@gmail.com

4 Master of Science in Quran and Hadith, Islamic Science University of Razavi, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: Mohaghegh.gr@gmail.com

Abstract

Despite the emphasis of traditional medical narratives on the importance of eating dinner and the prohibitions against skipping it, some physicians have believed that consuming dinner leads to adverse outcomes, such as eye diseases, earaches, body itching, colic, and neurological problems. This study aims to validate the narration attributed to Imam Sadiq (AS) stating, "The root of bodily ruin is avoiding dinner" (Asl Kharab Al-Badan Tark Al-Ashaa) in terms of its chain of transmission (isnad), content, and its correlation with contemporary scientific and medical findings. The goal is to highlight the importance of eating dinner, correct misconceptions on this matter, and provide solutions rooted in religious teachings and medical science for healthy nutrition.This research employs a comparative-analytical approach, utilizing library-based resources. Initially, the chain of transmission for the narration was critically examined, and the credibility of its narrators was assessed. The content of the narration was then compared against Quranic criteria, authentic hadiths, and medical findings related to nutrition, evaluating its compatibility or contradiction with these sources. The results of this study indicate that the chain of transmission of the mentioned narration is credible, and all narrators are trustworthy. Furthermore, the content aligns with Quranic teachings and other authentic narrations that underscore the importance of proper nutrition and avoiding hunger, particularly during the dinner meal. Additionally, medical findings demonstrate that skipping dinner may lead to metabolic disorders, weaken the immune system, and increase the risk of various diseases. This highlights the need to counter false beliefs about avoiding dinner and emphasizes that while overeating at dinner is harmful, avoiding it entirely can also have detrimental effects.The narration from Imam Sadiq (AS) is supported by a valid chain of transmission and contains content consistent with religious teachings and medical evidence. Consuming dinner as part of a healthy and balanced diet can contribute to maintaining bodily health. It is recommended to avoid overeating and late-night dinners while adhering to the principles of healthy nutrition.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
Holy Quran, Naser Makarem Shirazi (Translator). (2001). Office of Historical Studies and Islamic Sciences.
Abu Rayya, Muhammad. (1995). Azwa 'Ala al-Sunna al-Muhammadiyya. Ansarian Publications. [In Arabic]
Abu Zaid, Ahmad bin Sahl. (2005). Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (edited by Mahmoud Masri). Institute of Arab Manuscripts. [In Arabic]
Abul-Futuh Razi, Hussein bin Ali. (1988). Rawd al-Janan wa Ruh al-Janan fi Tafsir al-Quran. Astan Quds Razavi Islamic Research Foundation. [In Persian]
Akhawayni, Rabi' bin Ahmad. (1992). Hidayat al-Muta'allemin fi al-Tibb (edited by Jalal Matini). University of Mashhad. [In Arabic]
Allama Hilli, Hassan bin Yusuf. (1982). Rijal al-'Allama. Sharif al-Razi. [In Arabic]
Aqili Alavi Shirazi, Sayyid Muhammad Hussein bin Muhammad Hadi. (1844). Makhzan al-Adwiya. No Publisher Listed. [In Arabic]
Aqili Khorasani, Sayyid Muhammad Hussein. (2006). Khulasah Al-Hikma (edited by Ismail Nazim), Ismailiyan. [In Arabic]
 Morteza Ameli, Jafar. (2006). Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A'zam. The Islamic Center for Studies. [In Arabic]
Azhari, Muhammad bin Ahmad. (2000). Tahdhib al-Lugha. Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Azhdari, Ismail. (1989). Tabib-e Khandan (Family Doctor). Iqbal Publications. [In Persian]
Baghdadi, Abdul Latif. (2005). Al-Tibb min al-Kitab wa al-Sunna. Alam al-Kutub. [In Arabic]
Barqi, Ahmad bin Muhammad. (1992). Al-Mahasin. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya. [In Arabic]
Borzu Nejad, Majid. (2018). Illat Va Darman Bimaiha Dar Tibb Islami. Novin Publications. [In Persian]
Baydani, Qasim. (2006). Mabani Naghd Matn Al-Hadith. Markaz al-Alami li al-Dirasat al-Islamiyya. [In Arabic]
Baydawi, Abdullah bin Umar. (1997). Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil. Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Persian]
Dantas, Roberto. (2002). Effects of sleep on the gastrointestinal tract. Arquivos de Gastroenterologia, 39(1), 55-59.
Fakhr Razi, Muhammad bin Umar. (1999). Al-Tafsir Al-Kabir  (Mafatih al-Ghayb). Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Farahidi, Khalil bin Ahmad. (1988). Kitab al-'Ayn. Hijrat. [In Arabic]
Fayyumi, Ahmad bin Muhammad. (1993). Al-Misbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabir. Dar al-Hijra. [In Arabic]
Fayz Kashani, Muhammad bin Shah Murtaza. (1986). Al-Wafi. Kitabkhaneh Amir al-Mu'minin (AS). [In Arabic]
Fink, Anne M., Ulf G. Bronas, & Michael W. Calik. (2018). Autonomic regulation during sleep and wakefulness: a review with implications for defining the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Clin Auton Res. 28(6), 509–518. https://doi.org 10.1007/s10286-018-0560-9
Ghazali, Muhammad bin Muhammad. (1999). Al-Mustasfa fi 'Ilm al-Usul. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. [In Arabic]
Haj Hassan, Hussein. (1975). Naqd al-Hadith fi 'Ilm al-Riwaya wa Diraya. No Publisher Listed. [In Arabic]
Hakim, Sayyid Muhammad Saeed. (2007a). Misbah al-Minhaj: Ijtihad wa Taqleed. Al-Hikma Foundation for Islamic Culture. [In Arabic]
Hakim, Sayyid Muhammad Saeed. (2007b). Al-Kafi fi Usul al-Fiqh. Dar al-Hilal. [In Arabic]
Hur Amili, Muhammad bin Hassan. (1989). Wasa'il al-Shi'a. Al-e Bayt Foundation for Reviving Heritage. [In Arabic]
Ibn Adim, Omar bin Ahmad. (1985). Al-Wasla ila al-Habib fi Wasf al-Tayyibat wa al-Tayyib (edited by Salimi Mahjoub). Institute of Arab Scientific Heritage. [In Arabic]
Ibn Athir, Mubarak bin Muhammad. (1988). Al-Nihaya fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar. Ismailiyan Publications. [In Arabic]
Ibn Azraq, Ibrahim bin Abdul Rahman. (2006). Tashil al-Manafi fi al-Tibb wa al-Hikma. Capital of Arab Culture. [In Arabic]
Ibn Babawayh, Muhammad bin Ali. (1993). Itiqadat Al-Imamyya. Sheikh Mofid Congress. [In Arabic]
Ibn Dawood Helli, Hassan bin Ali. (1923). Al-Rijal. University of Tehran. [In Arabic]
Ibn Faris, Ahmad. (1984). Mu'jam Maqayis al-Lugha. Office of Islamic Information. [In Arabic]
Ibn Majah, Muhammad bin Yazid. (n.d.). Sunan Ibn Majah. Dar al-Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiya. [In Arabic]
Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Mukarram. (1993). Arabic Language. Dar Sader. [In Arabic]
Ibn Qulawayh, Ja’far bin Muhammad. (1977). Kamil al-Ziyarat. Dar al-Mortazawiya. [In Arabic]
Ibn Sida, Ali bin Ismail. (2000). Al-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-A'zam. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. [In Arabic]
Ibn Sina, Hussein bin Abdullah. (2007). The Canon of Medicine (translated by Mulla Fathallah Shirazi). Iran University of Medical Sciences. [In Arabic]
Ibn Sina, Hussein bin Abdullah. (2004). The Canon of Medicine (edited by Ibrahim Shams al-Din). Al-A'lami Institute for Publications. [In Arabic]
Jassas, Ahmad bin Ali. (1985). Ahkam al-Quran. Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Jawhari, Ismail bin Hammad. (1997). Al-Sihah. Dar Al-Ilm Lilmalayin. [In Arabic]
Jawziyyah, Muhammad bin Abi Bakr. (1970). Al-Manar al-Munif fi Sahih wa Da'if. Islamiyya Publications. [In Arabic]
Kashi, Muhammad bin Umar. (1984). Ikhtiyar Ma'rifat al-Rijal. Al-e Bayt Foundation for the Revival of Heritage. [In Arabic]
Khatib Baghdadi, Ahmad bin Ali. (2003). Al-Kifaya fi Ma'rifat Usul 'Ilm al-Riwaya. Dar al-Huda.
Khatib, Mu'taz. (2011). Radd al-Hadith min Jihat al-Matn. Arab Network for Research and Publishing. [In Arabic]
Khoei, Sayyid Abu'l Qasim. (1992). Mu'jam Rijal Al-Hadith wa Tafsil Tabaqat Al-Ruwat. No Publisher Listed. [In Arabic]
Konturek, P.C., T. Brzozowski, & S.J. Konturek. (2011). Gut Clock: Implication of Circadian Rhythms In The Gastointestinal Tract. Journal of Physiology And Pharmacology, 62(2), 139-150.
Kolayni, Muhammad bin Ya'qub. (2008). Al-Kafi. Dar al-Hadith. [In Arabic]
Naser al-Hokma, Ali bin Zein al-Abidin. (2009). Hifz Sihhat (edited by Naser Rezaeipour & Mohsen Abedi). Al-Ma'i. [In Persian]
Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. (1983). Bihar al-Anwar. Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Majusi, Ali bin Abbas. (1997). Al-Kahala (Tibb al-'Uyun) (edited by Muhammad Rawas Qal'ahji & Muhammad Zafir Wafa'i). Publications of the Ministry of Culture. [In Arabic]
Manoogian, Emily N. C., Amandine Chaix, & Satchidananda Panda. (2019). When to Eat: The Importance of Eating Patterns in Health and Disease. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 34(6): 579-581. https://doi.org10.1177/0748730419892105
Mar'i, Hossein Abdullah. (1996). Muntaha al-Maqal fi al-Diraya wa al-Rijal. Al-'Urwa al-Wuthqa Institute.
Ma'rifat, Muhammad Hadi. (2008). Al-Tafsir al-Athari al-Jami'. Al-Tamhid. [In Arabic]
Martchenko, Alexandre, Sarah E. Martchenko, Andrew D. Biancolin, & Patricia L. Brubaker. (2020). Circadian Rhythms and the Gastrointestinal Tract: Relationship to Metabolism and Gut Hormones. Endocrinology, 161(12). https://doi.org 10.1210/endocr/bqaa167
Mazaheri, Hussein. (2007). Al-Thiqat al-Akhyar min Ruwat al-Akhbar. Al-Zahra Cultural and Educational Institute. [In Arabic]
Mazandarani Ha'iri, Muhammad bin Ismail. (1995). Muntaha al-Maqal fi Ahwal al-Rijal. Al-e Bayt Foundation for the Revival of Heritage. [In Arabic]
Mughniyya, Muhammad Jawad. (2003). Al-Tafsir Al-Kashif . Dar al-Kitab al-Islami. [In Arabic]
Najashi, Ahmad bin Ali. (1986). Rijal al-Najashi. Islamic Publications. [In Arabic]
Namazi Shahroudi, Ali. (1991). Mustadrakat 'Ilm al-Rijal. Farzand Mu'allif. [In Arabic]
Nasiri, Ali. (2011). Methodology of hadith criticism. Vahy va Kherad. [In Persian]
Pachuta, Donald. (1991). Chinese Medicine: The Law of Five Elements. Holistic Health, 18(2-3), 41-68.
Qahpa'i, Enayatullah. (1985). Majma' al-Rijal. Ismailiyan. [In Arabic]
Razi, Muhammad bin Zakariya & Hamwi, Hussein. (1984). Manafi' Al-Aghdhiya wa Daf' Madarriha. Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Razi, Muhammad bin Zakariya. (1988). Al-Mansuri fi al-Tibb (edited by Hazem Bakri Siddiqi), Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science. [In Arabic]
Razi, Muhammad bin Zakariya. (1998). Man La Yahduruhu al-Tabib (edited by Muhammad Amin Dhanawi), Dar Rokkabi for Publishing. [In Arabic]
Razi, Muhammad bin Zakariya. (2001). Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb (edited by Haitham Khalifa Tu'aimi), Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Sadeqi Tehrani, Muhammad. (1985). Al-Furqan fi Tafsir al-Quran bil-Quran wa al-Sunna. Farhang Islami. [In Arabic]
Samarqandi, Najib al-Din. (2008). Sharh al-Asbab wa al-'Alamat (edited by Nafis bin Awad Kermani). Jalal al-Din. [In Arabic]
Samarra'i, Abdul Razzaq. (1995). Tibb al-Uyun: Dirasa Tarikhiyya Muqarana. Dar al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Scheving, Lawrence A. (2000). Biological Clocks and the Digestive System. Gastroenterology, 536–549.
Shushtari, Muhammad Taqi. (n.d.). Al-Akhbar al-Dakhila (edited by Ali Akbar Ghaffari). Maktabat al-Saduq. [In Arabic]
Subhani, Ja'far. (1998). Al-Hadith al-Nabawi bayn al-Riwaya wa al-Diraya. Imam Sadiq Institute. [In Arabic]
Tabari, Ali bin Sahl. (1998). Amraz Al-Ayn va Mualijatuha. Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation. [In Arabic]
Tabarsi, Fadl bin Hasan. (1993 CE). Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran. Naser Khosrow. [In Arabic]
Tabarsi, Hasan bin Fadl. (1991). Makarim al-Akhlaq. Al-Sharif al-Radi. [In Arabic]
Tabataba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Hussein. (2011). Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran. Al-A'lami Institute for Publications. [In Arabic]
Tafreshi, Mustafa bin Hussein. (1998). Naqd al-Rijal. Al-e Bayt Foundation for Reviving Heritage. [In Arabic]
Tamimi Amadi, Abdul Wahid bin Muhammad. (1987). Gurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim. Islamic Propagation Office. [In Arabic]
Taqi al-Din Hilli, Hassan bin Ali. (1963). Al-Rijal. University of Tehran. [In Arabic]
Thabit bin Qurra. (1998). Al-Dhakira fi 'Ilm al-Tibb (edited by Ahmad Farid Mazidi), Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. [In Arabic]
Tontisirin, Kraisid. (2001). Human energy requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/ WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation Rome, 17–24.
Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan. (1953). Rijal al-Tusi. Islami Publishing Institute. [In Arabic]
Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan. (1970). Al-Istibsar fima Ukhtulif min al-Akhbar. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya. [In Arabic]
Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan. (1999). Fihrist Kutub al-Shi'a. Library of al-Muhaqqiq al-Tabataba'i. [In Arabic]
Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan. (2010). Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir Al-Quran. Dhawi al-Qurba. [In Arabic]
Varam bin Abi Firas, Mas'ud bin Isa. (1990). Majmu'a Warram. Faqhih Library. [In Arabic]
Various Authors. (2011). Salah al-Sihah fi Hifz al-Sihha (Six Old Medical Treatises) (edited by Yusuf Beig Babapour), Majma' Dhakha'ir Islamiya. [In Arabic]
Vaughn, Bradley V., Sean Rotolo, & Heidi L. Roth. (2014). Circadian rhythm and sleep influences on digestive physiology and disorders. ChronoPhysiology and Therapy, 67–77.
Wujastyk, Dominik. (2004). Medicine and Dharma. Journal of Indian Philosophy, 32(5-6), 831-842.
Zubaidi, Muhammad bin Muhammad. (1993). Taj al-Arus. Dar al-Fikr. [In Arabic]
Ketab-E-Qayyem
Volume 14, Issue 31 - Serial Number 2
September 2024
Pages 299-321

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 27 September 2023
  • Accept Date: 18 November 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics