Examining Mohammad Arkun's view on the miracles of the Quran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 آیت الله عبادی 47Department of Quranic Sciences and Interpretation, Faculty of Quranic Teacher Training, Holy Quran University of Quranic Sciences and Education

2 Master's student, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Mohammad Arkoun, a contemporary scientist of Algerian origin, has certain views about the Holy Quran. He uses western methods and methodology without the least prohibition and changes and extends the scope of their use to the Qur'an itself. Based on this, he reads the Qur'an as a text of human texts whose lexical and literary analysis has no problems. This same point of view is reflected in his understanding of miracles and as a result, he considers everything that has been raised from the Islamic point of view regarding miracles to be weak; Because he believes that the text of the Qur'an is full of permission, symbols and myths. He claims that it is not possible to understand the discussion of miracles, unless we read it with a linguistic and historical reading, and only then will we understand it as it was understood in the era of descent. The way that Archon has proposed for the correct study of the Qur'an and especially the discussion of miracles, brings us to a new concept of miracles, which is called "amazing thing". The present research examines the foundations and presuppositions of Archon in the four axes of the permissibility of the verses of the Quran, the historicity of the Islamic heritage, the mythologizing of the Quran and the adaptation of the characteristics of the Holy Bible to the Holy Quran, and with an analytical-critical method to evaluate his methodology and ideas in understanding It works wonders.

Keywords

Main Subjects


 
The Holy Qur’an.
Abushun, Alaa Huwaydi. (2021). Quranic Miracle in the Eyes of Arab Modernists (Al-Jabri - Abu Zayd - Arkon). Mazandaran: Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of Mazandaran University. [In Persian]
Adhami, Marzieh, and Soltani, Mustafa. (2022). A comparative study of the concept of reason in the Quran from the perspective of Muhammad Arkoun and Allameh Tabatabaei. Nasim Khurd, 7 (1), 9-21. [In Persian]
Alavi Moghadam, Mohammad. (1991). Tabari's Memoir. Babolsar: Secretariat of the International Tabari Seminar, p. 697. [In Persian]
Ali Akbarzadeh, Hamed, and Moalemi, Hassan. (2017). A Review and Criticism of the Historical Approach to the Islamic Tradition in the Thoughts of Mohammad Abed al-Jabri and Mohammad Arkon. Islamic Wisdom Quarterly, 4 (3), 11-38. [In Persian]
Ali Akbarzadeh, Hamed. (2019). Deconstructing Islamic Rationality in the Thoughts of Mohammad Abed al-Jabri and Mohammad Arkon. The Book of Taha. [In Persian]
Ali, Jawad. (1992). Al-Mofassal fi Tarikh al-Arab Qabl al-Islam. University of Baghdad.  [In Arabic]
Arkon, Mohammad. (1991). From Ijtihad to the Critique of the Islamic Mind, (translated by Hashim Saleh). Dar al-Saqi. [In Arabic]
Arkon, Mohammad. (1999). Fundamental Thought and the Impossibility of Rooting Towards a New History of Islamic Thought, (translated by Hashim Saleh). Dar al-Saqi. [In Arabic]
Arkon, Mohammad. (1996). History of Arab Islamic Thought, (translated by Hashim Saleh). Arab Cultural Center. [In Arabic]
Arkon, Mohammad. (1984). How to Read the Quran?, (translated by Hamed Foladvand). Ata'i. [In Persian]
Arkon, Mohammad. (1998). Islamic Thought (Criticism and Ijtihad), (translated by Hashim Saleh). Dar al-Saqi. [In Arabic]
Arkoun, Mohammad. (1987). Islamic Thought; Scientific Reading, (translated by Hashim Saleh). National Development Center. [In Arabic]
Arkoun, Mohammad, & Gardeh, Louis. (1992). Islam Yesterday-Tomorrow, (translated by Mohammad Ali Akhavan). Samar Publishing House. [In Persian]
Arkoun, Mohammad. (1998). Issues in the Critique of Religious Reason; How Do We Understand Islam Today?, (translated by Hashim Saleh). Dar al-Tali'a. [In Arabic]
Arkoun, Mohammad. (2001). The Quran from Inherited Interpretation to the Analysis of Religious Discourse, (translated by Hashim Saleh). Dar al-Tali'a. [In Arabic]
Ayazi, Mohammad Ali. (2002). The Quran and the Culture of the Time. Mobin Book. [In Persian]
Azam Shahid, Raees. (2008). The Miracle of the Quran from the Perspective of Orientalists. World Center for Islamic Sciences. [In Arabic]
Azhari, Mohammad. (n.d). Tahzib al-Lughah. Dar al-Ihya al-Torath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Baghalani, Mohammad bin Tayyib. (1963). The Miracles of the Quran, (edited  by Al-Sayyid Ahmad Saqr). Dar al-Ma'arif. [In Arabic]
Baghbani, Radwan, Parvini, Khalil, Khalifah Shushtari, Mohammad Ibrahim, & Mottaqizadeh, Isa. (2013). The Literary Miracle of the Holy Quran and Its Evolution. Lisan Mobin (Arabic Literary Research), 3 (3), 46-64. [In Arabic]
Bahmaniar bin Marzban. (1996). Al-Tahsil, Morteza Motahari (Reviser). University of Tehran. [In Arabic]
Bayumi Mehran, Mohammad. (2004). A Historical Survey of the Stories of the Quran, (translated by Seyyid Mohammad Rastgoo). Scientific and Cultural Publications. [In Persian]
Boazar, Marcel (1980). Islam and the World Today, (translated by Masoud Mohammadi). Islamic Culture Publishing House. [In Persian]
Bucay, Maurice. (1981). A Comparison Between: The Torah, The Gospel, The Quran, and Science, (translated by Zabihollah Dabir). Islamic Culture Publishing House. [In Persian]
Farabi, Abu Nasr. (1984). Al-Jam’a beyn Ra’i al-Hakimein. Al-Zahra. [In Arabic]
Feyz Kashani, Mohammad Hassan (1981). Tafsir al-Safi. Al-Alamy Foundation for Publications. [In Arabic]
Firuzabadi, Mohammad ibn Ya’qub. (1991). Al-Qa’moos al-Mohit. Dar al-Ihya’a al-Torath al-Arabi. [In Arabic]
Halabi, Abu al-Salah Taqi bin Najm. (1988). The Nearness of the Encyclopedia, (edited by Faris Tabrizian). Al-Hadi Press. [In Persian]
Harb, Ali. (2005). Text Criticism. Arab Cultural Center. [In Arabic]
Helli, Jafar. (1994). Al-Maslak fi osul al-Din. Islamic Research Foundation of Astane Quds Razavi. [In Arabic]
Hojjati, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir. (1989). A study in the Holy Quran. Islamic Culture Publishing House. [In Arabic]
Ibn Fars, Ahmad. (1983). Mo’jam maqaeis al-loghat, (edited by Harun Abd al-Salam). Islamic Information School. [In Arabic]
Ibn Manzur, Mohammad bin Mukarram. (1993). Lesan Al-Arab. Revival of Arab Heritage. [In Arabic]
Jahil, Nazir. (1990). Anthropology and Islam, The Miracles of the Quran and the Language of Magic. Al-Ghadir, 2 (14 and 16), 123-165. [In Arabic]
Jaradah, Mohammad Ali. (2019). Extraordinary and Astonishing Strange Thing; Comparative Study of the Subject of Miracles from the Perspective of Allama Tabataba'i and Dr. Mohammad Arkoun. Qom: Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of Qom University. [In Persian]
Jibraeli, Mohammad Safar, & Mutaqifar, Saeed. (2015). Critique and Study of the Harms of Religious Reason; Flowchart and Criticism of New Apostasy. Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought. [In Arabic]
Johari, Ismail ibn Hammad. (1986). Al-Sihah. Dar al-Elm for Millions. [In Arabic]
Kariminia, Morteza. (2014). The roots of the development of the theory of the miracle of the Quran and the explanation of its aspects in the early centuries. Studies in the Quran and Hadith, 46 (1), 113-144. https://doi.org/10/22059/jqst.2013/35014. [In Persian]
Kawaz, Mohammad Karim. (2007). Stylistics of the Rhetorical Miracle of the Quran. Sokhan.
Majlesi, Mohammad Baqir. (1982). Bahar al-Anwar. Al-Wafah. [In Arabic]
Makarem Shirazi, Nasser and others. (1995). The Message of the Quran. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib School. [In Persian]
Masoudi, Hamadi. (1991). The wonders of religious texts. Journal of Arab and World Thought, 4 (13 and 14), 87-101. [In Arabic]
Meschonnic. (1973). For the poet: a word of writing. Paris: Gallimard. [In French]
Michel, Thomas. (1990). Christian Theology, Hossein Tofighi (Translator). Center for Studies and Research on Religions and Sects. [In Persian]
Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taqi. (2009). Quranic knowledge (5 and 6): Path and guidance. Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute. [In Persian]
Mohammadi, Chaman. (2021). Criticism of Mohammad Arkon's method in understanding the text with emphasis on his perspective in understanding the Quran. Islamic Theology Department, Shahida Bint al-Huda Higher Education Complex, Al-Mustafa University. [In Persian]
Morteza Zobeidi, Mohammad bin Mohammad. (1993). Taj al-Aroos men javaher al-Qamoos. Dar al-Fekr. [In Arabic]
Motahari, Morteza. (1987). Khatamiyat. Sadra. [In Persian]
Mostafavi, Hassan. (1996). Al-Tahqiq fi kalamat al-Quran al-Karim. Ministry of Islamic Guidance and Culture. [In Arabic]
Nasiri, Ali. (1987). A Comparative Study of the Quran and the Holy Bible. Qabsat, 12 (43), 59-87. [In Persian]
Nemati Pirali, Del Ara, and Hooshangi, Leila. (1995). A Comparison of the Quran and the Two Testaments. Samt. [In Persian]
Nikzad, Abbas. (1995). A Comparative Study of the Quran and the Holy Bible. Maarif Publishing House. [In Persian]
Qurashi Bonabi, Ali Akbar. (1993). Qamoose qur’an. Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiyyah. [In Arabic]
Ragheb Isfahani, Hosayn bin Mohammad. (1992). Al-Mofradat al-Alfaz al-Qur’an, (edited  by Safwan Adnan Davoudi). Dar al-Shamiyah. [In Arabic]
Ramyar, Mahmoud. (1990). History of the Quran. Amir Kabir. [In Persian]
Saeedi Roshan, Mohammad Baqir. (2011). Language of the Quran and its Issues. Samt. [In Persian]
Sajedi, Abal-Fazl. (1985). Language of Religion and the Quran. Imam Khomeini Foundation. [In Persian]
Seyyedi, Seyyed Hosein. (2011). Methodology of Contemporary Quran Scholars (Case Study: Mohammad Arkon). Literary Studies of Islamic Texts, 5 (2), 9-25.
Sharifi, Ali, and Khoshmanesh, Abalfazl. (2023). A Review and Criticism of the Historical Approach to the Quranic Thoughts of Mohammad Arkon. Historical Studies of the Quran and Hadith, 28 (3), 53-82. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17358701.1401.28.73.2.4 [In Persian]
Sobhani, Jafar. (1995). Mohazerat fi al-Ilahiat va al-Sunnah. Islamic Publishing Foundation. [In Arabic]
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Hosein. (1996). Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran. Islamic Publications Office. [In Arabic]
Interpretative Translation of The Holy Bible (n.d), The Holy Bible’s association. [In Persian]
Tofighi, Hosein. (2006). Great Religions. Samt. [In Persian]
Tousi, Mohammad ibn Hasan. (1985). Al-Iqtisad fima yata’allaq bi al-I'etiqad. Dar al-Azwaa.
Watt, William Montgomery. (1969). Islamic revelation in the modern world. Edinburgh: Edinburgh university press.
Zarqani, Abdol Azim. (1988). Manahil al-Irfan. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah. [In Arabic]