Semantics of "Jorm" (جُرم) in the Holy Quran with a component analysis approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PHD student, Departmant of Quranic Sciencea and Hadisth, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Departmant of Quranic Sciencea and Hadisth, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Departmant of Quranic Sciencea and Hadisth, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

10.30512/kq.2024.20948.3793

Abstract

The semantic field of the Holy Quran includes numerous concepts among which we can mention Jorm "جُرم". To express any concept in the Holy Quran, one must pay attention to its accompanying concepts and the meaning of that word in historical linguistics. The method of the present article is component analysis. Components are obtained through structural semantics and historical etymology. Information obtained from the method of historical semantics shows that, in Semitic languages, this word means swamp, stinking water, and cattle grazing. In all of these concepts, the idea of separation and detachment can be observed. Examining the concept of companionship also reveals the components of separation from the truth, connection in falsehood, departure from divine limits, and opposition in the nature of the "Jorm". Half of the verses address the severe worldly and otherworldly consequences of sins, which, in terms of the number of verses and the diversity of their combinations, are unparalleled. None of the concepts in the realm of divine forgiveness, such as pardon, expiation, absolution, and transformation, are found in this context. The separation and disconnection from the truth and the connection to falsehood is the most important semantic component of "Jorm", which can be traced back to the origin of this term.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Holy Quran
Abolghasemi,  Mohsen. (2019), Historical etymology. Tehran: Ghoghnous. [In Persian [
Akhavan Tabasi, Mohammad Hossein. Nilsaz, Nosrat. Gharavy Nainy, Nahleh. (2024). The etymology of the Quranic word "tasbih" and explaining its connection with the article "subh". Ketabe Ghayyem. 14 (30),7-28. [In Persian] HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.30512/KQ.2022.18899.3495
Azarnoosh, Azartash. (2004). The language of the Qur'an . Tehran: Bayyenat. [In Persian [
Azhari, Mohammad bin Ahmad. (2000). Tahzib Al-loghat. Beirut: Ehyae Torathe eslami. [In Arabic [
Beeston, A.F.L. et al. (1982). Sabaic Dictionary (English-French-Arabic). peerters.
Black, J. et al. (2000). A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian. Harrassowits Verlag.
Dalman, GH. (1901). Aramaish-Neuhebraisches Worterbruch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrash. M .J .Kauffmann.
Dastranj, Fatemeh.  Ebrahimi, Ebrahim. Ahmadi. Hassan. (2024). The semantics of "covenant" in the Holy Quran with emphasis on the relationships of coexistence and succession. Ketabe Ghayyem, 14(30), 67-90. [In Persian] HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.30512/KQ.2022.18398.3425
Farahidi, Khalil bin Ahmad. (1998). Al-Ein. Qom: Hejrat. [In Arabic]
Faramarz Gharamaleki, Ahad. Feghhizadeh, Abdol hady, & Ghasem Ahmad, Maryam. (2017). Semantic components of the word "Karam" based on structural semantics and analytical-logical approaches. Quran and Hadith Research, 50(1), 77-99. [In Persian]  https://doi.org/10.22059/jqst.2017.231091.668846
Firouz Abadi, Mohammad bin Yaghoub. (1994). Alghamos Al-Mohit. Beirut: Dar al-kutub al-Elmiyyeh. [In Arabic [
Gesenius, W. (1939). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testsment. Oxford University Press.
Ghadouri, Abd al-Hesam.(2007). Tasil al-juzor al-samia. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah. [In Arabic [
Ghoriashi, Sayyed Ali Akbar. (1971). Ghamouse Quran. Tehran: Eslamiah. [In Persian [
Goldani, Zahra, & Naseh, Ali Ahmad. (2022). Semantic components of the word "Sai" in the Holy Quran. Ketabe Ghayyem, 12(27), 47-66. [In Persian] HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.30512/KQ.2021.16175.3015
Hejazi, Mahmoud Fahmi. (2000).  Arabic linguistics. Tehran: Behnashr. [In Persian[
Ibn Faris. Ahmad. (1983). Mojam maghais al-Loghah. Qom: Maktab al- Elamai al-Eslami. [In Arabic [
Ibn Manzour, Mohammad bin Mokaram. (1983). Lisan al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Sader. [In Arabic [
Jastrow, M. (1903). A dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yeushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. G.p. putnams Sons.
Jowhari, Esmail bin hamad. (1997). Al-Sihah. Beirut: Dar al-Elm Lelmellain. [In Arabic [
Laines, Jan. (2012). An introduction to the semantics of language. Tehran: Nashre Elmi.
Leslau, W. (1991). Comparative Dictionary of Geez (classical Ethiopic. Harrassowitz.
Lipniski, Edward. (2007). SIN, Encyclopdia Judaica, Micheal Berenbau. Macmillan Reference.
Mahjoub, Abd al-Mon’im. (2013). Ma  Ghabla Al-Lughah Al-jozur Al-sameya li  lughat Al-Arabyya. Cairo: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Elmiyya. [In Arabic [
Mostafavi, Hassan (2008). Al-Tahghigh fi Kalamat al- Quran. Beirut: Dar al-kutub Al-Elmiyya. [In Arabic [
Naderi, Sayyed Asad. (2004). Fegh Al-Lugha Masaelehi va Manahelehi.  Beirut: Maktab Al-Asrie
Pakatchi, Ahmad, Shirzad, Mohamad Hassan, & Shirzad Mohamad Hossein. (2019). Historical and cultural semantics of the word "Sabil" in the Holy Quran. Historical studies of the Quran and Hadith, 25(1), 71-96. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17358701.1395.22.60.2.6
Pakatchi, Ahmad. (2012). Research method based on the field of Quranic and Hadith sciences. Tehran: Emam Sadegh Univresity. [In Persian [
Pakatchi, Ahmad. (2016). Semantics of "ghasam"  in the Holy Quran: A historical and cultural approach. Historical studies of the Quran and Hadith, 22(2), 37-63. [In Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17358701.1395.22.60.2.6
Palmer, Frank Robert. (2005). A fresh look at semantics. Tehran: Ketabe Maad.
Ragheb Esfahany, Hossein bin Mohammad. (1991). Mufradat fi gharib al-Quran. Beirut: Dar al- Ghalam. [In Arabic [
Rajab Vazir, Mohammad. (2018). Bayyen Al- Arabi va al-lugha al-Samie. Cairo: Alam al-ketab. [In Arabic [
Razi, Fakhr al-Din Mohammad bin Omar. (1999). Al-kabir Interpretation.  Beirut: Dar al-Toras al-Arabi. [In Arabic [
Riahi, Hadis. Razi Bahabady, Bibi Sadat, & Amini, Farideh. (2023). A component analysis of the concept of "prostitute" in the Holy Quran with an analysis of historical etymology and cohabitation relationships. Ketabe Ghayyem, 13(29), 7-27. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.30512/kq.2023.19100.3529
Safavi, Kourosh. (2008).  An introduction to semantics. Tehran: Soure Mehr. [In Persian  [
Safavi. Kourosh.  (2009). Descriptive culture of semantics. Tehran: Farhange Moaser, [In Persian [
Zeidi, Kased Yaser. (1978). Feghh al-Lughah Al-Arabia Iraq. Beirut: Jamea al-Mousel. [In Arabic[
Ketab-E-Qayyem
Volume 15, Issue 32
March 2025
Pages 85-105

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 March 2023
  • Revise Date: 18 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 01 August 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics