Revisiting the concept of the phrase "فَاقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ" in verse 54 of surah Al-Baqarah and a critique of Its translations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, Kermanshah, University of Quranic Sciences and Knowledge, Qom, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, Khomein, University of Quranic Sciences and Knowledge, Qom, Iran.

10.30512/kq.2024.21319.3844

Abstract

Understanding and translating Quranic words correctly is among the most crucial steps in understanding the Holy Quran. Shortcomings in translation and exegesis have at times led to ambiguity, misinterpretations, and unresolved doubts—even raising questions about the rationale behind certain divine commands or the actions of the prophets. A notable example is the phrase ‘So kill yourselves’ in Verse 54 of Surah Al-Baqarah, where Prophet Moses (PBUH) appears to command the calf-worshipping Israelites to commit suicide. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the accurate translation of this phrase, addressing its ambiguities through linguistic and contextual evidence.Existing scholarship often overlooks the semantic nuances of ‘kill’ (Arabic: qatl) and ‘yourselves’ (Arabic: anfusakum), relying instead on superficial interpretations derived from Biblical or exegetical sources. However, contextual evidence—such as divine forgiveness (v. 52), the acceptance of repentance (v. 54), and Surah An-Nisa (4:66)—suggests that a literal reading of suicide is implausible. Alternative interpretations may include:Submission to communal authority,Genuine repentance and self-abasement,Inner struggle against the ego (spiritual jihad), or A metaphorical rebuke (e.g., ‘Perish in your guilt!’).The study advocates for a nuanced reading aligned with the Quran’s broader theological framework.

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References

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Ketab-E-Qayyem
Volume 15, Issue 32
March 2025
Pages 63-83

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 08 September 2024
  • Accept Date: 09 December 2024

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