Tooth worm issue in Imami Hadith literature: Reference and content analysis and the historical background of a folk medical myth

Amiri, Ali; Mirhoseini, Yahya

doi:10.30512/kq.2025.22900.4022

Tooth worm issue in Imami Hadith literature: Reference and content analysis and the historical background of a folk medical myth

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Ali Amiri ¹

Yahya Mirhoseini ²

¹ PhD student, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Tehran University & a fourth-level student at Qom Seminary, Iran

² Associate professor, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran.

10.30512/kq.2025.22900.4022

Abstract

This study aims to assess the credibility of the so-called “tooth-worm” hadith in terms of its references and content and to identify the historical origin of this belief in folk medicine. The study is based on descriptive-analytical method in a historical and mythological approach. It proceeds through takhrīj and tracing the transmission of the hadiths, dirāyah-based criticism, fiqh al-hadith analysis grounded in source criticism, reference criticism, and content criticism. This is accompanied by a linguistic analysis of the term “dūda,” and an evaluation of the content against established empirical findings and the history of dentistry.
The findings indicate that the earliest explicit reflection of this issue appears in Ṭibb al-Ṣādiqayn; a substantial portion of such hadiths lack a reliable chain of references, and their transmission to later ḥadith sources involved scribal distortions and textual disarray. Consequently, the hadith concerning the removal of a tooth worm more closely resembles a medical recommendation annotated in a hadith collection, and interpreting the word “dūda” as “bacteria” is also incompatible with common semantics and linguistic evidence. These hadiths do not possess sufficient hadith-based support to be attributed to ShiaImams; in terms of content, they conflict with definitive empirical evidence. Therefore, a critical re-reading of medical hadiths is necessary to safeguard the credibility of religion and to prevent harm to public health.

Keywords

Tooth worm

Fiqh al-hadith

Medical hadīths

Fabricated hadīth

History of medicine

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